In open loop cooling towers, there is a direct contact between the cooling water and air.

An open loop cooling tower is a heat exchanger that utilizes direct contact with air inside the cooling tower to cool water. Heat transfer occurs partly through heat exchange between air and water, but mainly through the evaporation of small amounts of water in the cooling tower that needs to be cooled. This will allow the water to be cooled in the cooling tower to cool to a lower temperature than the ambient temperature.

Briefly, working information of open cycle water cooling tower:

The fluid to be cooled is transmitted to the water distribution system located at the top of the open loop cooling tower through the pumps in the system. With the water distribution system, hot water is sprayed onto the filling material in the tower. At the same time, fresh air is drawn in through the louvers located on the pool section of the cooling tower with the help of fans. The air flow occurs in an upward direction, against the direction of the water flow. The air drawn into the cooling tower through the louvers moves up along the filling and is thrown into the atmosphere from the tower through the fan chimneys at the top of the tower. A small portion of the water evaporates in this process. In this way, the heat desired to be removed from the system is removed. The cooled liquid is poured back into the tower pool. The cold water in the pool is sent back to the system.

Closed Loop Cooling Tower

In closed-loop cooling towers, there is no direct contact between the cooling water and air, but an additional heat exchanger is used.

In cases where the water to be cooled cannot come into contact with air (for example, in the food industry), a heat exchanger must be used.

The heat exchanger separates the process water that needs to be cooled from the “evaporation water” of the cooling tower. This will prevent contact between process water and air. 

There is no need to use antifreeze in open loop cooling towers, but it may be necessary to use antifreeze in closed loop cooling towers.

Briefly, working information of closed loop water cooling tower:

The fluid to be cooled enters the upper collector of the exchangers in the closed-loop cooling tower through pumps and circulates within the exchanger pipes. Water is sprayed onto the heat exchangers from the water distribution system. In this way, the heat of the fluid circulating in the pipes to be cooled is transferred to the water. At the same time, fresh air is drawn in through the louvers located on the pool section of the cooling tower with the help of fans. The air flow occurs in an upward direction, with the water flow against the direction. The air drawn into the cooling tower through the louvers moves up through the exchanger and is thrown into the atmosphere from the tower through the fan chimneys at the top of the tower. A small portion of the water sprayed on the coils evaporates in this process. In this way, the heat that is intended to be removed from the system is removed. The cooled fluid is sent back to the system from the collector located at the bottom of the heat exchanger.

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